發(fā)布者： 管理員時(shí)間：2016-11-8 10:30:37瀏覽數(shù)： 471

IMO sets global sulphur cap for 2020 

 IMO 為2020年設(shè)置硫上限 

 27 Oct 2016 Clarity for ship owners, oil companesand technology providers as 2020 global sulphur cap confirmed 

 The global 0.5% sulphur cap formarine fuel will enter force on 1 January 2020, the International MaritimeOrganisation’s Marine Environment Protection Committee has agreed. 

         The decision on the cap, requiredunder regulation 14 of MARPOL Annex VI, is in line with an official assessmenton fuel availability – conducted by a CE Delft-led consortium – and providesmuch needed clarity to ship owners. The industry now has just over three yearsto decide on their compliance measures – either low-sulphur fuel, theinstallation of exhaust gas cleaning systems (scrubbers) or the use ofalternative fuels (including LNG). 

         The MEPC also agreed to ask itsPollution Prevention and Response (PPR) subcommittee to consider implementationof the global cap - including enforcement and operational concerns. 

 As reported, the study by CE Delft concludedthat global shortages of compliant fuel in 2020 are ‘improbable’. Refinerieshave adequate capacity in even the highest demand scenarios. A supplementarystudy, commissioned by BIMCO and other parties, also concluded thatavailability would likely be positive, but indicated there could be severemarket impacts and logistical challenges with implementing a cap overnight. 

        The official study also pointed tosome regional shortages, but noted that these could be compensated for byoversupply from the Middle East, as well as excess production from otherregions. In the base case, CE Delft sees demand for 233 million tonnes ofmarine fuel with sulphur of between 0.1% to 0.5% in 2020. This would primarilybe blends of residuals, hydrotreated residuals,heavy fractions from hydrocrackers and lighter hydrotreated fractions - with avery wide range of viscosities. 

        Consumption of LNG, both in LNGcarriers that use the boil-off cargo for propulsion and in ships with LNGengines, is projected to increase from 8 million tonnes in 2012 to 11 to 13million tonnes in 2020. Scrubbers are projected to be installed on 3,800 ships,collectively consuming 14-38 million tonnes of heavy fuel oil. 

對(duì)船東、燃油公司和技術(shù)提供商明確確認(rèn)2020全球限硫令強(qiáng)制實(shí)施
 

全球船用燃料0.5%的硫排放上限將于2020年1月1日強(qiáng)制生效,國(guó)際海事組織下屬海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)委員會(huì)已同意該項(xiàng)決策。 

       根據(jù)MARPOL公約Annex VI的第14條要求, 對(duì)于硫排放上限的決定，經(jīng)過(guò)官方正式的燃料可用性評(píng)估（由CE Delft-led 財(cái)團(tuán)/聯(lián)盟審核），為船東提供了更多更明確的信息?，F(xiàn)在，船舶行業(yè)只有三年的時(shí)間去評(píng)估決定使用哪種方式來(lái)確保燃油硫排放達(dá)標(biāo)——使用低硫燃料, 安裝廢氣清洗系統(tǒng) (洗滌器)或使用替代燃料(包括液化天然氣)。 

        MEPC（海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)委員會(huì)）也同意要求其下屬污染防治和響應(yīng)(PPR)委員會(huì)來(lái)考慮如何實(shí)現(xiàn)全球限硫令——包括執(zhí)行和操作問(wèn)題。如報(bào)告中所述,CE Delft的研究得出結(jié)論,2020年“不太可能”出現(xiàn)全球符合限硫令的燃料短缺的情況。即便在最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求下煉油廠也有足夠的生產(chǎn)能力。由BIMCO和其他機(jī)構(gòu)合作調(diào)研的一項(xiàng)補(bǔ)充研究也表明燃油可用性不存在太大問(wèn)題,但在限硫令強(qiáng)制實(shí)施開(kāi)始的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)會(huì)對(duì)市場(chǎng)造成一定的沖擊，在運(yùn)輸保障方面也有一定的挑戰(zhàn)。 

       官方的研究還指出,一些地區(qū)達(dá)標(biāo)油料可能會(huì)存在短缺現(xiàn)象,但可以從供大于求中東地區(qū)和其它的生產(chǎn)過(guò)剩地區(qū)的來(lái)調(diào)度?；诖饲闆r, CE Delft預(yù)測(cè)2020年船用低硫燃料（0.1%-0.5%）的需求為2.33億噸。這些含硫雜志主要是油渣混合物： 加氫處理后產(chǎn)生的油渣、輕砂和氫化裂解后殘留的重砂，具備非常大的粘度。                

       2012年LNG的消耗量（包括使用蒸發(fā)汽化貨物為推進(jìn)力LNG運(yùn)輸船和使用LNG發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的船舶）約為800萬(wàn)噸，預(yù)計(jì)2020年會(huì)增加至1100萬(wàn)到1300萬(wàn)噸。在2020年預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)有3800艘船舶會(huì)安裝洗滌器，所有船舶預(yù)計(jì)總共消耗1400萬(wàn)到3800萬(wàn)噸的重質(zhì)燃油。